04 May 2015
Nesting Nerve Cells
Human nerve cells (here shown in cross-section in white) are coated with a protective fatty layer (stained brown), which is formed by surrounding Schwann cells (turquoise). This insulating layer is the myelin sheath and is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. We start producing myelin as a foetus and continue to do so as we grow and develop throughout childhood, but production then slows down. Sustaining this myelin sheath is the key to preventing and treating multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is believed to be an autoimmune disease whereby the immune system attacks the sheath – stripping away the protective layer, exposing nerves, and causing numbness and muscle spasms. Currently, treatments weaken the immune system, thereby slowing – but not stopping – myelin decomposition. But recently a new experimental drug – anti-LINGO-1 – has shown promise enabling the repair and re-growth of myelin, and is expected to provide complementary treatment in the future.
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